AP Psychology Unit 1 Flashcards | Knowt (2024)

psychology

study of behavior and cognitive process

behavior

an action that can be observed or measured (automatic body functions, walking, sitting, cheering)

cognitive process

private, unobservable mental processes (dreams, thoughts)

constructs

complex theoretical concepts used to discuss something that can't be observed, touched, or measured (love, creativity, motivation)

science

a systematic way of learning about the world through observations and experiments that leads to a pool of knowledge

pseudoscience

A set of theories, methods, or assumptions claimed to be scientific yet remaining unsubstantiated by empirical support. (ex: astrology, phrenology)

social science

a branch of science that deals with human society and the nature and interactions with individuals who make up a society

natural science

Branch of science that deals with the nature of the physical world

psychiatry

a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders

Karl Popper

attributes of science

theories are falsifiable, reproducible results, searches for failures and closely studies them, discards or revises theories if evidence is found, attempts to develop

attributes of pseudoscience

theories are not falsifiable, not reproducible results, disregards/ignores refuting information, seldom attempts to develop solutions to problems

Why is psychology considered a science?

What is the goal of psychology?

assosiationism

theory that the mind is composed of elements organized by means of association (associating summer with pools)

structuralism

introspection

systematic self observation and analysis of one's own conscious

functionalism

behaviorism

school of thought defines psychology as the observable behavior (ex: teachers using consequences and rewards to shape student behavior)

psychoanalytic theory

school of thought that stressed the importance of unconscious motives and internal conflicts in determining human behavior (ex: aggression is caused by unconscious motives)

Hippocrates

Socrates

leading Greek philosopher; claimed that knowledge is innate and can be recovered through reason or logic and the soul/mind is separateable from the body and continues after death

Plato

claimed knowledge is innate, the soul is seperateable from the body, true knowledge is discovered through reflection or logic, and sense impressions and observations were unreliable

Plato's Tripartite Soul

Aristottle

developed assosiationism; believed the soul is inseparable from the body, knowledge grows from experiences, sense perceptions are essential for knowledge

René Descartes

French philosopher & first to describe a reflex; believed mind and body are separable, but a link exists between them, knowledge is innate but grows with experience, the body and mind are composed of different substances but interact in a living person harmoniously and competitively

John Locke

Ivan Pavlov

introduced conditioning

John B. Watson

founded behaviorism; believed all behavior is due to conditioning

Gestalt psychology

emphasizes the mind's tendency to organize bits of information into meaningful wholes

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